Post #15

Define typography?
The appearance/style of printed matter. What is the difference between font and a typeface?What is the waist line and what does it indicate? What is a base line and what does it indicate? What is counter?Area that is entirely or partially enclosed in a letter.
What is cap height?Height of a capital letter above the baseline. 
What is x height?Height of lowercase x and all the lower case letters.
What is an ascender? Part of a lowercase letter that rises above the x line
What is a descender? The part of the lowercase letter  that goes below the baseline. 
Describe a serif? Small strokes that are on the end of a letter's main strokes for decoration.
What is leading?  Distance between successive lines of type's baselines. 
What is tracking?   The consistent space between letters. 
What is kerning?Adjusting space between characters in a proportional font. 
What is a point?   A measurement that designates leading, type space, and other space details. 
How many points are in an inch? 72 PostScript points. 
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?Unit of type size and line length equal to 12 points. 6 PostScript picas in an inch.
How many points are in a pica?12 PostScript points.    
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?  Blackletter developed directly from Carolingian when in the 12th century they needed more books (Johannes Gutenberg carves a textualis typeface) It was used for the German language until the 20th century.  
Describe the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?  Blackletter has narrow and tall letters whihc are formed by sharp angular straight lines.  
When was Old Style invented and what was is based on? It was created between the 15th and mid-18th centuries. Based on Venetian types.
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?  It is an early roman type that has little contrast from thick to thin and curved strokes with inclines to the left. 
When were formal scripts developed?  Formal scripts are modern designs stylized like handwritten letters of the 17th-18th century. 
When were casual scripts developed?  These scripts are from the mid-twentieth century and resemble regular (modern) handwriting.  Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?  They ares based on handwriting, either cursive or more modern. There are two types: casual and formal. 
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?  Created in the late 19th century to be against the fanciness of that periods typefaces. 
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?It is sans-serif, with evenly weighted lines and simple construct. 
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? As early as the 5th century BC, in Greek, Etruscan, and Latin. And then later as early as 1748. 
What happened?  In 1748 they were more of an experiment than something that became very popular. 
When did they become popular?  They were popular in the late 18th century when people started basing designs off ancient Roman and Greek designs. 
What does "sans serif" mean?   It means without serifs (which are those accents that finish the strokes of some types).
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?  There are 3-4 groups of classifications. Like grotesque, which is described as realist. Then Neo-grotesque, that is a more modern evolution of grotesque. Humanist script have more variation in legibility and line thickness/width. Finally, geometric script are based off geometric shapes. 
When was Slab Serif developed and why?  In 1815 and 1817 by Vincent Figgins for advertising and headlines and posters and such.
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?  It has very thick serifs that are look like blocks. And they do not have brackets connecting the strokes and serifs. They are very bold. 
Describe Decorative typefaces?They are popularly used for headlines or short phrases, not long lengths of type. They are the largest category of typeface and it is very diverse. They often evoke a time period or feeling, like grunge or psychedelic designs.